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Feasts, seasons and the fast for twenty-three jurisdictions, derived from the paschalion and the fixed calendar so it needs no network and cannot go stale. The three things calendar code usually conflates are kept apart: the paschalion that gives Pascha, the menologion the fixed feasts are read on, and the fasting rule that is kept. Almost every Orthodox Church keeps the Julian Paschalion; what divides them is the menologion, so one file of commemorations indexed by ecclesiastical date serves old and new calendars alike. Six fasting levels rather than three, because the difference between xerophagy and wine-and-oil is the difference the books actually make. Level and obligation are carried separately: the Orthodox rule reports everything as customary, and Ruthenian particular law reports both how a day is kept and the far smaller minimum that binds. The menologion covers all 366 days and is dedicated to the public domain. Sets published by someone else are fetched, never redistributed.
162 lines
6.9 KiB
Python
162 lines
6.9 KiB
Python
"""The Typikon's fast, as the Orthodox Church keeps it.
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This is the discipline printed in the Typikon and reproduced, with small
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variations, by every Orthodox jurisdiction's published calendar. It binds no
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one in the canonical sense — the Orthodox Church legislates fasting as
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tradition rather than as precept — so every day here is reported as customary.
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That is not a softening. It is the difference between a rule of life and a law,
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and the Eastern Catholic churches, which do have law about this, are handled in
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their own module.
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Where usages differ, this follows the common published rule and says so in the
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reason. The known divergences:
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- **Great Thursday** is given wine and oil here. Some typika keep xerophagy.
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- **The Exaltation of the Cross** and the **Beheading of the Forerunner** are
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given wine and oil. Several jurisdictions print them as strict.
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- **Lazarus Saturday** is given wine and oil; caviar is the traditional
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addition, which this vocabulary has no level for.
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- **Monastic practice**, and the Holy Mountain in particular, is stricter
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than any of this throughout.
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A calendar cannot settle those. Your bishop and your spiritual father can.
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"""
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import datetime as dt
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from ..fasting import (Fast, STRICT, XEROPHAGY, WINE_OIL, FISH, DAIRY, NONE,
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CUSTOMARY)
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from ..seasons import (GREAT_FAST, GREAT_WEEK, BRIGHT_WEEK, CHEESEFARE_WEEK,
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APOSTLES, DORMITION, NATIVITY_FAST, PENTECOST_WEEK,
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CHRISTMASTIDE)
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MON, TUE, WED, THU, FRI, SAT, SUN = range(7)
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VOCABULARY = {
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STRICT: ("no food until evening", "⛔"),
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XEROPHAGY: ("xerophagy — no oil or wine", "\U0001f96c"),
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WINE_OIL: ("wine and oil permitted", "\U0001fad2"),
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FISH: ("fish, wine and oil", "\U0001f41f"),
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DAIRY: ("dairy and eggs; no meat", "\U0001f9c0"),
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NONE: ("no fast", "\U0001f356"),
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}
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def _relaxed_by_feast(rank):
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"""How far a feast lifts an ordinary Wednesday or Friday fast."""
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if rank == "great":
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return FISH
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if rank in ("vigil", "polyeleos"):
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return WINE_OIL
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return None
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def fast_for(ctx):
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md, wd, mv = ctx.fixed, ctx.weekday, ctx.mv
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season = ctx.season
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weekend = wd in (SAT, SUN)
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# ── The fast-free stretches, settled before anything else can override
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# them. A Friday inside Bright Week is not a fast day, and the ordinary
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# Friday rule further down would say otherwise.
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if season == BRIGHT_WEEK:
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return Fast(NONE, "Bright Week — no fasting", None)
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if season == PENTECOST_WEEK:
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return Fast(NONE, "the week after Pentecost — no fasting", None)
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if season == CHRISTMASTIDE:
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return Fast(NONE, "the Nativity to the eve of Theophany", None)
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if mv["publican_pharisee"] <= ctx.civil <= mv["publican_pharisee"] + dt.timedelta(6):
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# Fast-free precisely because the Pharisee boasted of fasting twice a week.
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return Fast(NONE, "fast-free week (the Publican and the Pharisee)", None)
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# ── The Great Fast and Great Week
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if season in (GREAT_FAST, GREAT_WEEK):
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if ctx.civil == mv["clean_monday"]:
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return Fast(STRICT, "the first day of the Great Fast", CUSTOMARY)
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if ctx.civil == mv["great_friday"]:
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return Fast(STRICT, "Great and Holy Friday", CUSTOMARY)
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if ctx.civil == mv["holy_saturday"]:
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# The one Saturday of the year kept without oil.
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return Fast(XEROPHAGY, "Great and Holy Saturday", CUSTOMARY)
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if md == (3, 25):
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return Fast(FISH, "the Annunciation", CUSTOMARY)
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if ctx.civil == mv["great_thursday"]:
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return Fast(WINE_OIL, "Great and Holy Thursday", CUSTOMARY)
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if weekend:
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return Fast(WINE_OIL, f"Saturday and Sunday of the {season}", CUSTOMARY)
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return Fast(XEROPHAGY, f"a weekday of the {season}", CUSTOMARY)
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if ctx.civil == mv["palm_sunday"]:
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return Fast(FISH, "Palm Sunday", CUSTOMARY)
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if ctx.civil == mv["lazarus_saturday"]:
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return Fast(WINE_OIL, "Lazarus Saturday", CUSTOMARY)
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# ── Cheesefare: meat is set aside for good, everything else stays,
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# Wednesday and Friday included.
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if season == CHEESEFARE_WEEK:
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return Fast(DAIRY, "Cheesefare Week", CUSTOMARY)
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if ctx.civil == mv["meatfare"]:
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return Fast(NONE, "Meatfare Sunday — the last day of meat", None)
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# ── The Nativity Fast, which tightens for its last five days
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if season == NATIVITY_FAST:
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if md == (12, 24):
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return Fast(XEROPHAGY, "the eve of the Nativity", CUSTOMARY)
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if md == (11, 21):
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return Fast(FISH, "the Entrance of the Theotokos", CUSTOMARY)
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if md >= (12, 20):
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if wd in (TUE, THU) or weekend:
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return Fast(WINE_OIL, "the forefeast of the Nativity", CUSTOMARY)
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return Fast(XEROPHAGY, "the forefeast of the Nativity", CUSTOMARY)
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if weekend:
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return Fast(FISH, "Saturday and Sunday of the Nativity Fast", CUSTOMARY)
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if wd in (TUE, THU):
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return Fast(WINE_OIL, "Tuesday and Thursday of the Nativity Fast", CUSTOMARY)
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return Fast(XEROPHAGY, "Monday, Wednesday and Friday of the Nativity Fast",
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CUSTOMARY)
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# ── The Apostles' Fast, kept the same way
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if season == APOSTLES:
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if weekend:
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return Fast(FISH, "Saturday and Sunday of the Apostles' Fast", CUSTOMARY)
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if wd in (TUE, THU):
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return Fast(WINE_OIL, "Tuesday and Thursday of the Apostles' Fast", CUSTOMARY)
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return Fast(XEROPHAGY, "Monday, Wednesday and Friday of the Apostles' Fast",
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CUSTOMARY)
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# ── The Dormition Fast, kept like the Great Fast
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if season == DORMITION:
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if md == (8, 6):
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return Fast(FISH, "the Transfiguration", CUSTOMARY)
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if weekend:
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return Fast(WINE_OIL, "Saturday and Sunday of the Dormition Fast", CUSTOMARY)
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return Fast(XEROPHAGY, "a weekday of the Dormition Fast", CUSTOMARY)
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# ── The three fixed fast days outside any season
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if md == (1, 5):
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return Fast(XEROPHAGY, "the eve of Theophany", CUSTOMARY)
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if md == (9, 14):
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return Fast(WINE_OIL, "the Exaltation of the Holy Cross", CUSTOMARY)
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if md == (8, 29):
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return Fast(WINE_OIL, "the Beheading of the Forerunner", CUSTOMARY)
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# ── Ordinary Wednesdays and Fridays, which a feast can lift
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if wd in (WED, FRI):
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relaxed = _relaxed_by_feast(ctx.rank)
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if relaxed:
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return Fast(relaxed, f"{ctx.feast} — the fast is relaxed", CUSTOMARY)
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return Fast(XEROPHAGY, "Wednesday and Friday", CUSTOMARY)
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return Fast(NONE, "", None)
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RULE = {
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"name": "orthodox",
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"title": "the Typikon",
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"vocabulary": VOCABULARY,
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"fast_for": fast_for,
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# The Orthodox Church does not legislate the fast as precept, so nothing
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# here is reported as binding. See the module docstring.
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"has_obligation": False,
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}
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